Roman Gold Aureus

1st Century BC - 4th Century AD • Roman Republic/Empire • 1 Aureus (25 denarii)

About This Coin

The aureus was ancient Rome's primary gold coin, reserved for large transactions and military payments. These prestigious coins feature emperors and significant historical events.

Specifications

Composition

Nearly pure gold (98%+)

Weight

7.3-8.1 grams

Diameter

18-21 mm

Edge

Irregular (hand-struck)

Designer

Various imperial moneyers

Mintage

Much rarer than denarii

Estimated Values by Condition

Condition	Estimated Value
Poor (P)	$1,500-3,000
Good (G)	$3,000-6,000
Fine (F)	$6,000-12,000
Very Fine (VF)	$12,000-25,000
Extremely Fine (EF/XF)	$25,000-75,000+
Uncirculated (MS)	$100,000-millions

* Values are estimates based on market data and may vary significantly based on specific condition, mint mark, and market demand.

Identification Tips

Gold aurei are much rarer than silver denarii. Look for imperial portraits with detailed, often elaborate reverse designs commemorating military victories, building projects, or divine associations. The gold color should be consistent (not plated). Weight around 7-8 grams confirms authenticity.

Historical Context

The aureus was introduced by Julius Caesar and became the standard gold coin of the Roman Empire. Worth 25 silver denarii, it was used for major transactions, tribute payments, and rewarding military victories. Due to their gold content, many were melted down over the centuries, making surviving examples rare and valuable.

Notable Varieties

Julius Caesar
Augustus
Nero
Trajan
Hadrian
Marcus Aurelius
Septimius Severus
Constantine

Frequently Asked Questions

Are gold aurei rare?

Yes, very rare! Aurei are much scarcer than silver denarii because fewer were minted, and many were melted for their gold content. Finding an authentic aureus is a significant numismatic event, especially in high grades.

How do I authenticate a Roman aureus?

Due to high value and prevalence of fakes, authentication by experts is essential. Check weight (7-8g), gold purity, die characteristics, and strike pattern. Reputable dealers provide certification from NGC or PCGS for ancient coins. Never buy expensive aurei without professional authentication.