Roman Denarius

211 BC - 244 AD • Roman Republic/Empire • Denarius

About This Coin

The denarius was the backbone of Roman currency for over 400 years. Silver coins featuring emperors, gods, and military victories. These coins financed legions and spread Roman culture across three continents.

Specifications

Composition

95-98% Silver (early); 50-80% Silver (later debasement)

Weight

3.9 grams (avg)

Diameter

17-20 mm

Edge

Plain

Designer

Various Roman minters

Mintage

Millions struck over 450 years

Estimated Values by Condition

Condition	Estimated Value
Poor (P)	$20-40
Good (G)	$40-80
Fine (F)	$80-150
Very Fine (VF)	$150-300
Extremely Fine (EF/XF)	$300-800
Uncirculated (MS)	$800-5,000+ (rare emperors much more)

* Values are estimates based on market data and may vary significantly based on specific condition, mint mark, and market demand.

Identification Tips

Look for a portrait (emperor or deity) on the obverse. The reverse typically shows gods, military scenes, or propaganda. Common emperors include Augustus, Nero, Trajan, Hadrian. Check silver content - earlier coins are nearly pure silver, later Empire coins are debased. Authentic coins show irregular striking and hand-cut flans.

Historical Context

Introduced in 211 BC during the Second Punic War, the denarius became Rome's standard silver coin. Soldiers were paid in denarii (the word "salary" comes from salt rations, but denarii paid for salt). Over time, emperors debased the silver content to fund wars and construction. By 244 AD, the denarius was replaced by the antoninianus. Finding denarii is still common - millions survive.

Notable Varieties

Republican denarii (pre-27 BC)
Augustus to Nero
Flavian dynasty
Five Good Emperors
Severan dynasty
Eastern vs Western mints

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Roman denarii rare?

Common emperors like Hadrian, Trajan, and Constantine are plentiful - millions were struck and many survive. Rare emperors, short reigns, or specific reverse types can be very valuable. A common denarius in good condition costs $50-150.

How do I know if a denarius is authentic?

Check weight (3.4-4.2g), diameter (17-20mm), and silver content with a Sigma tester. Genuine coins have uneven edges (hand-struck), patina from age, and correct Latin inscriptions. Beware of modern fakes - buy from reputable dealers with guarantees.